Business restructurings often lead MNE groups to implement global business models that are hardly if ever found between independent enterprises, taking advantage of the very fact that they are MNE groups and that they can work in an integrated fashion. For instance, MNE groups may implement global supply chains or centralised functions that are not found between independent enterprises. It is therefore often difficult to assess whether such business models are of the kind that independent enterprises behaving in a commercially rational manner would have implemented. This lack of comparables does not mean of course that the implementation of such global business models should automatically be regarded as not commercially rational.