The second possibility, the “deductive” approach, starts with a wide set of companies that operate in the same sector of activity, perform similar broad functions and do not present economic characteristics that are obviously different. The list is then refined using selection criteria and publicly available information (e.g. from databases, Internet sites, information on known competitors of the taxpayer). In practice, the “deductive” approach typically starts with a search on a database. It is therefore important to follow the guidance on internal comparables and on the sources of information on external comparables, see paragraphs 3.24-3.39. In addition, the “deductive” approach is not appropriate to all cases and all methods and the discussion in this section should not be interpreted as affecting the criteria for selecting a transfer pricing method set out in paragraphs 2.1-2.12.
TPG2022 Chapter III paragraph 3.42
Category: A. Performing a comparability analysis | Tag: Benchmark study, Commercial databases, Comparability analysis, Comparable search, Databases, Deductive approach, External comparables
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- TPG2022 Chapter III paragraph 3.33Use of commercial databases should not encourage quantity over quality. In practice, performing a comparability analysis using a commercial database alone may give rise to concerns about the reliability of the analysis, given the quality of the information relevant to assessing comparability that...
- TPG2022 Chapter III paragraph 3.32It may be unnecessary to use a commercial database if reliable information is available from other sources, e.g. internal comparables. Where they are used, commercial databases should be used in an objective manner and genuine attempts should be made to use the databases...
- TPG2022 Chapter III paragraph 3.31A number of limitations to commercial databases are frequently identified. Because these commercial databases rely on publicly available information, they are not available in all countries, since not all countries have the same amount of publicly available information about their companies. Moreover, where...
- TPG2022 Chapter III paragraph 3.30A common source of information is commercial databases, which have been developed by editors who compile accounts filed by companies with the relevant administrative bodies and present them in an electronic format suitable for searches and statistical analysis. They can be a practical...
- TPG2022 Chapter III paragraph 3.29There are various sources of information that can be used to identify potential external comparables. This sub-section discusses particular issues that arise with respect to commercial databases, foreign comparables and information undisclosed to taxpayers. Additionally, whenever reliable internal comparables exist, it may be...
- TPG2022 Chapter III paragraph 3.46The process followed to identify potential comparables is one of the most critical aspects of the comparability analysis and it should be transparent, systematic and verifiable. In particular, the choice of selection criteria has a significant influence on the outcome of the analysis...
Related Case Law
- Israel vs eBay Marketplace Israel Ltd., April 2024, District Court, Case No AM 47399-04-18, AM 54654-05-19An assessment was issued by the tax authorities in Israel where they had determined the income of eBay Israel based on the TNMM method using the operating margin as the profit level indicator. eBay Marketplace Israel Ltd. disagreed with the assessment and filed...
- Panama vs “Logistics SA”, August 2025, Administrative Court, Case No TAT-RF-044 (Exp. 126-2023)A Panamanian air freight logistics company applied TNMM with return on total costs for its 2015 intercompany transactions. Tax authorities rejected eight of nine comparables and recalculated results using a single comparable, producing a near-zero margin. Panama's Administrative Tax Court ruled in favour...
- Korea vs “Acrylic-resin manufacturer Corp” April 2025, Review Board, Case no 적부광주청 2025-0001A Korean acrylic-resin manufacturer was assessed for FY 2020–2022 across multiple related-party transactions, including sales to a sister company, seconded employee costs, underpriced guarantee fees, and excessive technical support fees. The company argued all transactions were arm's length and supported by comparability analyses....
- Korea vs “Car Lrd Corp” April 2025, Tax Tribunal, Case no 조심2023서9158A Korean limited risk distributor importing and selling vehicles incurred substantial losses between 2017 and 2021 following a regulatory sales suspension, undertaking market penetration measures funded partly by parent reimbursements. The tax authority disputed the treatment of those compensations as non-operating income. The...
- Ukrain vs Viva Decor TOV, January 2025, Supreme Administrative Court, Case № К/990/44061/23A Ukrainian wallpaper manufacturer challenged tax assessments covering FY 2013–2015, where authorities insisted only partial-year data should be used to calculate TNMM profit level indicators for controlled transaction periods. The company argued full-year figures were appropriate given the seasonal nature of wallpaper demand...
