In June 2015 the World Customs Organization (WCO) published a guide to Customs Valuation and the relationship to Transfer Pricing. This relationship between Customs valuation and transfer pricing has been discussed in various national and international fora over the past few years. The business community has raised the issue as a matter of concern, in particular advocating that Customs take into account available transfer pricing information prepared for direct tax purposes when examining related party transactions and also give consideration to the impact of transfer pricing adjustments on the Customs value. It has been recognised that at this stage any alignment or merger of tax and Customs methodologies is not a realistic proposition given the particulars of the existing legal frameworks upon which they are based. The essence of the issue therefore is contained in the following question: to what extent can information contained in transfer pricing documentation, primarily developed for  taxation purposes, provide useful information for Customs to determine whether or not the price declared for imported goods has been influenced by the parties’ relationship, in order to make a final determination of the Customs value? The Technical Committee on Customs Valuation has confirmed the basic principle that transfer pricing documentation may provide useful information for Customs in respect of related party transactions, on a case by case basis (see Chapter 4). The focus is now on providing further guidance to Customs on how to examine and interpret transfer pricing documentation which may be helpful in this regard. The other key question is the impact of adjustments made (after importation) for transfer pricing purposes; in which cases, if any, should such adjustments be taken into account by Customs in determining the Customs value of the imported goods? Additionally, the WCO is working with the OECD and World Bank Group to encourage Customs and tax administrations to establish bilateral lines of communication in order to exchange knowledge, skills and data, where possible, which will help ensure that each authority has the broadest picture of a MNE’s business, its compliance record and can make informed decisions on the correct revenue liability ...