The use of a cash pool is popular among multinational enterprises as a way of achieving more efficient cash management by bringing together, either physically or notionally, the balances on a number of separate bank accounts. Depending on the particular arrangements in place, a cash pool can help to achieve more effective liquidity management, whereby reliance on external borrowing can be reduced or, where there is a cash surplus, an enhanced return may be earned on any aggregated cash balance. Financing costs may also be reduced by eliminating the bank spread embedded in the interest which would be payable or receivable on a number of separate debit or credit account balances and by reducing banking transaction costs.
TPG2020 Chapter X paragraph 10.109
Category: C. Treasury function, C.2. Cash pooling, OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines (2017), TPG2020 Chapter X: Financial Transactions | Tag: Cash pool, Financial transactions, Treasury functions
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- TPG2022 Chapter X paragraph 10.110In the context of this section, cash pooling is the pooling of cash balances as part of a short- term liquidity management arrangement. Cash pool arrangements are complex contracts which may involve controlled and uncontrolled transactions. For instance, one common structure is that...
- TPG2022 Chapter X paragraph 10.113In a notional cash pool, some of the benefits of combining credit and debit balances of several accounts are achieved without any physical transfer of balances between the participating members’ accounts although the bank will usually require cross-guarantees from pool participants to enable...
- TPG2022 Chapter X paragraph 10.147As part of the cash pooling arrangement, cross-guarantees and rights of set-off between participants in the cash pool may be required. This raises the question of whether guarantee fees should be payable. It will always be appropriate to consider the particular facts and...
- TPG2022 Chapter X paragraph 10.114With no physical transfers of funds, the transactional costs of operating a notional pool are likely to be less than transactional costs of operating a physical pool. Functions carried out by the bank would be accounted for in the charges or interest rate...
- TPG2022 Chapter X paragraph 10.111Although there are two basic types of cash pooling arrangements – physical and notional – other variations and combinations may be arranged to meet specific business needs. For example, a number of physical pools might be held, one for each currency in which...
- TPG2022 Chapter X paragraph 10.117The cash pool member is likely to be participating in providing liquidity as part of a broader group strategy, an arrangement in which the member can have a credit or debit position, which may include among its aims a range of benefits that...
- TPG2022 Chapter X paragraph 10.136As a result of the arrangements in place, M pays less interest to the bank or receives more interest than would have been the case absent the pooling arrangements....
- TPG2022 Chapter X paragraph 10.146It is expected that all cash pool participants will be better off than in the absence of the cash pool arrangement. Under prevailing facts and circumstances that could imply, for instance, that all cash pool participants would benefit from enhanced interest rates applicable...
- Marketing and Procurement Hubs – Tax AvoidanceThe Australian Taxation Office has issued new guidance for multinational groups using offshore marketing- and procurment hubs for tax avoidance purposes. The guidance adresses tax schemes where MNEs uses offshore hubs to shift profits and thereby avoid Australian taxes. Offshore hub arrangements are...
- OECD Report, Making Dispute Resolution Mechanisms More Effective, Action 14 – 2015 ReportOECD (2015), Making Dispute Resolution Mechanisms More Effective, Action 14 – 2015 Report, OECD/G20 BEPS Project, After two years of work, the 15 actions have now been completed. All the different outputs, including those delivered in an interim form in 2014, have been...
Related Case Law
- Poland vs CP Corp, September 2016, Supreme Administrative Court, Case No. II FSK 2299/14A Polish company were planning to enter into a inter-group cash pooling agreement. The cash pooling operation were to be managed by a foreign bank, which would open a group account as a basic account for Norwegien parent company, the pool leader. The...
- Poland vs Cash Pool Corp, Warsaw Administrative Court, Case no II-FSK-1518-13In a request for a binding ruling, a Polish Company indicated that it was joining an inter-group Cash Pooling Agreement (“Agreement”) in which the leader was based in Luxembourg. Under the Agreement, the pool leader acts as a regional financial center and consolidates...
- Switzerland vs. A GmbH, 7 Dec. 2016, Administrative Court, Case No. SB.2016.00008The distinction between cash pool receivables and long-term loans. A GmbH is a group company of the global A-group. The A Group also includes company F Ltd, which is responsible for the global treasury and cash pooling of the A Group. In 2008,...
- Switzerland vs Swisscargo AG, Oct 2014, Federal Supreme Court, Case No 4A_138/2014Zero balancing/physical cash pooling involves a physical transfer of money from the accounts of individual group companies to the accounts of the group’s cash pooling company and risks can be considerable. Group companies participating ind the cash pool may loose there funds. Loans...